Tareekh Pe Tareekh…….Tareekh Pe Tareekh!!! It could be just another term to describe civil cases within Indian courts. What is the way that civil courts operate? Is it the judges who determine the procedures to be followed? Or are lawmakers who choose the process to be followed on a legal issue? The answer to these questions is in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, commonly called CPC. The Criminal Procedure Code of 1973 defines the procedure to be followed by criminal courts. The Civil Procedure Code outlines the process to be followed by the courts dealing with civil disputes. However, judges who deal with criminal and civil matters are not necessarily distinct individuals unless a particular court is granted authority over specific subject issues. To gain a basic overview of the development of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908, and its related provisions, refer to below.

What is the Code of Civil Procedure?

Some legal aspects in India are civil in that they do not involve criminality. The distinction between civil and criminal law is in the grievance, the process, and the outcome. The actions or omissions made by one person that resulted in the loss of some sort to another can result in the possibility of a civil dispute. The civil procedure Code Bare Act outlines the procedure that courts follow to settle these disputes. It provides regarding the court’s ability to hear a specific issue, how parties submit their versions before the tribunal, how courts arrive at their verdict, and whether the parties can present the ruling before higher courts to reconsider and other such details. According to the Act, the purpose of the CPC Plain Act will be to “consolidate and amend the laws relating to the procedure of the Courts of Civil Judicature.”

History of Civil Procedure Code,1908

Several centuries ago, there was no law of procedure to regulate civil disputes before the courtsin . In the past civil disputes were handled through Crown Courts in Presidency towns and Provincial Courts in Mofussils for resolution according to British regulations. Act VII of 1859 when British India got its first Civil Procedure Code 1859. The same code did not apply to the apex courts of the time, i.e., those of the Crown Courts under the Royal Charter and Sadar Diwani Adalats. Because this Act was imperfect and without flaws, the Act was subject to several changes. Then came the Civil Procedure Code in 1877 and the CPC in 1882. To overcome the limitations of the Code of 1882, finally, the current Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, was enacted on January 1st, 1909.

Salient Features of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

The Civil Procedure Code of 1908 is divided into two parts. The first comprises 158 sections. In the second part, there are 51 rules and orders in the second.

There are many questions like “What is the meaning of order in the civil procedure code? What is the purpose of order in the civil procedure code? While the CPC sections outline the general rules for dispute resolution, the order defines specific procedures for issues they address.

The Civil Procedure Code Bare Act gives courts the authority to hear cases, i.e.power of the courts to decide on a specific civil matter based upon the financial, territorial initial or appellate, or aspect of the subject matter.

The relevant rules are in place in civil cases with particular laws. If clarity regarding the procedure to follow in such cases, the Code il Procedure is applied in these cases.

The entire process of how to bring a civil lawsuit in India is described in a thorough way in the CPC Plain Act. The process begins with submitting the written statement (plaintiff’s version) and then an oral declaration (defendant’s response) followed by reports and evidence from both parties and witnesses, cross-examination, and the argument. Based on it, the judge will decide the foundation of his decision.

It is clear the exact date, time, and who the summons or notices will be delivered to the person concerned.

In civil dispute In civil disputes, it is the burden of the burden of proof is the responsibility of the plaintiff. That is, it is the duty of the person causing aggrievement to go to court to establish their position by the relevant facts and law against the other side.

The rights of civil liberties are inherent, and expenses must be paid by the person requesting the court. For those in need and who cannot pay the costs, these instances can continue with the help of state costs, provided that the court accepts. A plaintiff who is indigent is referred to as indigent, also known as a ‘Pauper suit.’

The courts have been given greater discretion when the Act is not laying down any particular, specific, or confined to the natural principle of equality, fairness, and a good conscience.

The principle of res-judicata in the CPC 1908 prohibits instituting the same subject matter with the same party previously ruled upon and reopened in a new court.

Another provision, knownubjudice, res-subjudiceonsideration of legal issues that are or judiciary or are under trial.

If the ptiff wants transfer of the case from one area to another, There are certain conditions under which the defendant may apply for the transfer under the Civil Procedure Code Bare Act.

The frequent amendments to the CPC have focused on ensuring that civil cases are resolved faster and faster with fewer delays.